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IIM Udaipur - Best MBA colleges in india

Faculty

Malay  Bhattacharyya
IIM Udaipur - Best MBA colleges in india
Malay Bhattacharyya
sub-icn

Operations Management, Quantitative Methods and Information Systems

deg-icn

  • Ph.D. Operational Research, London School of Economics
  • M.Sc. Operational Research, London School of Economics
  • M.Sc. Statistics, University of Calcutta
  • B.Sc. (Honors) Statistics, Presidency College, Calcutta

Brief Bio
  • Malay Bhattacharyya is currently a Professor at IIM Udaipur. He specializes in Statistics and Operational Research.
  • His academic journey spans nearly 40 years. He superannuated in 2021 as Professor from IIM Bangalore after almost 17 years. Previously, he served as Professor at IIM Lucknow from 1986 to 2004. He was Professor Emeritus at IIM Kashipur from 2021 to 2023.
  • His students who have completed their PhD under his guidance are now members of faculty at IIM Trichy, SPJIMR Mumbai, IFMR Chennai, African Business School, Morocco, IIM Kozhikode, and Great Lakes Institute of Management, Chennai.
  • He has published academic work in European Journal of Operational Research, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Journal of Operational Research Society, Quantitative Finance, International Journal of Production Research, Finance Research Letters, Energy Economics, Journal of Forecasting, International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance, International Review of Financial Analysis, International Journal of Finance and Economics, Risks, The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, SN Computer Science and many others.
  • He taught a variety of PhD level courses such as Probability Theory, Statistical Inference, Multivariate Statistics, Advanced Operational Research, Financial Time Series Analysis, Multivariate Time Series and others. He taught at the MBA, MBA (Analytics), EMBA, MBA (Public Policy) programmes, and many Executive Development Programmes.
  • He also developed and taught several specialised courses in Financial Econometrics and Advanced Financial Time Series to Reserve Bank of India (RBI) officers on invitation from the RBI Academy. His latest consulting engagements were with National Stock Exchange (NSE), Mumbai, where he developed models for generating alerts for the equity as well as derivative markets.
  • He had been engaged in various academic administration from programme and activity chair to Dean (Academic). For further details please see his curriculum vitae.
  • He obtained a PhD and an MSc (Operational Research) from the London School of Economics and Political Science, an MSc (Statistics) from the University of Calcutta and BSc (Honours) from Presidency College (now Presidency University) Calcutta.
  • He has travelled extensively in India and abroad on academic engagements and otherwise. He has been deeply influenced by his legendary teachers Professor AM Goon, Professor MK Gupta, and Professor B Dasgupta of Presidency College Kolkata. Anyone with some reasonable familiarity with Statistics would have surely read their excellent books (widely known as “Goon, Gupta, Dasgupta”). He is also profusely influenced by his PhD advisor Professor AH Land, who invented the first solution method called Land and Doig algorithm for integer programming, of London School of Economics.
Experience
  • 2021 – 2023 Professor Emeritus, Indian Institute of Management Kashipur
  • 2004 – 2021 Professor, Decision Sciences, Indian Institute of Management Bangalore
  • 1998 – 2004 Professor, Decision Sciences, Indian Institute of Management Lucknow
  • 1987 – 1998 Associate Professor, Decision Sciences, Indian Institute of Management Lucknow
  • 1986 – 1987 Assistant Professor, Decision Sciences, Indian Institute of Management Lucknow
  • 1982 – 1985 Class Teacher, Department of Statistics, London School of Economics
  • 1980 – 1981 Research Fellow, Department of Statistics, Calcutta University (Advisor: Professor SP Mukherjee)
Selected Honours & Awards
  • Emeritus Professorship, IIM Kashipur, April 2021 – June 2023
  • Best Paper Award, 8th Conference on Excellence in Research and Education (CERE), May 4-7, 2017, IIM Indore
  • Best Presentation Award, 3rd International IEEE Conference on Industrial Informatics, INDIN 2005, Perth, Western Australia, 10-12 August 2005
  • Best Conference Paper, 3rd Financial Markets Asia-Pacific Conference, Sydney, Australia, 26-27 May 2005
  • Young Statistician’s award (Highly Prestigious), 1987, by the International Statistical Institute, the Netherlands
  • State Scholarship (Highly Prestigious) , 1981-1985, by the Government of West Bengal for higher studies in the United Kingdom
Current Research Interests
  • Quantitative Finance, Extreme Events, Forecasting Volatility, Risk Management, Mathematical Finance, Financial Time Series, Unit Root Tests, Independent Component Analysis.
Publications in Peer-reviewed Academic Journals
  • Tapan Kar and Malay Bhattacharyya Can Choice of Reference Density Improve Power of M-Estimation Based Unit Root Tests? Journal of Mathematical Finance, 2022, 12, 340-355. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmf.2022.122019
  • Siva Rajesh Kasa, Malay Bhattacharyya, A Statistical Test for Detecting Dependency Breakdown in Financial Markets, SN Computer Science (2021) 2:322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-021-00671-z
  • Das, D., Kannadhasan, M. and Bhattacharyya, M. (2022), "Oil price shocks and emerging stock markets revisited", International Journal of Emerging Markets, Vol. 17 No. 6, pp. 1583-1614. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-02-2020-0134
  • Saswat Patra and Malay Bhattacharyya, 2020, How Risky are the Options? A Comparison with the underlying stock using MaxVaR as a risk measure, Risks 2020, 8(3), 76;https://doi.org/10.3390/risks8030076
  • Saswat Patra and Malay Bhattacharyya, 2019, Does Volume really matter? A Risk Management Perspective using cross-country evidence, International Journal of Fina nce and Economics, First Published 19 November (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1780
  • Saswat Patra and Malay Bhattacharyya, 2019, Does Volume really matter? A Risk Management Perspective using cross-country evidence, International Journal of Finance and Economics, First Published 19 November (2019).https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1780
  • Debojyoti Das, M Kannadhasan, and Malay Bhattacharyya, 2019, Do the emerging stock markets react to international economic policy uncertainty, geopolitical risk and financial stress alike? North American Journal of Economics and Finance 48 (2019) 1–19.
  • Ravi Prakash Ranjan and Malay Bhattacharyya, 2018, Does Investor Attention to Energy Stocks Exhibit Power Law? Energy Economics, 75, 573–582.
  • Aviral Kumar Tiwari, Malay Bhattacharyya, Debojyoti Das, and Muhammad Shahbaz, 2018, Output and stock prices: New evidence from the robust wavelet approach, Finance Research Letters, 27, 154–160.
  • Malay Bhattacharyya, Siddarth Madhav R, 2012, A Comparison of VaR Estimation Procedures for Leptokurtic Equity Index Returns, Journal of Mathematical Finance, 2, 1, 13-30.
  • Bhattacharyya, M, Misra, N and Kodase, B, 2009, MaxVaR for Non-normal and Heteroscedastic Returns, Quantitative Finance, Vol. 9, No. 8, 925-935.
  • Chaudhuri, A and Bhattacharyya, M, 2009, A Combined QFD and Integer Programming Framework to Determine Attribute levels for Conjoint Study, International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 47, No. 23, 1, 6633–6649.
  • Bhattacharyya, M, Dileep, KM and Kumar, R, 2009, Optimal Sampling Frequency for Volatility Forecast Models for the Indian Stock Markets, Journal of Forecasting, Vol. 28(1), 38-54
  • Bhattacharyya, M, Chaudhary, A and Yadav, G, 2008, Conditional VaR Estimation using Pearson's Type IV Distribution, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 192(2), 386-397.
  • Bhattacharyya, M and Ritolia, G, 2008, Conditional VaR using EVT – Towards a Planned Margin Scheme, International Review of Financial Analysis, Vol. 17, 382– 395.
  • Bhattacharyya, M, 2008, Contemporary Financial Risk Management: The Role of Value at Risk (VaR) Models - An academic Perspective, IIMB Management Review, Vol. 20, No. 3, 292 -296.
  • Bhattacharyya, M, 2008, Contemporary Financial Risk Management: Discussion, IIMB Management Review, Vol. 20, No. 3, 297 -310.
  • Bhattacharyya, M and Banerjee, A, 2004, Measuring Operational Risks of Banks: An Overview, Journal of Banking, Information Technology and Management, Vol. 1, No. 2, 3-15.
  • Bhattacharyya, M and Banerjee, A, 2004, Integration of Global Capital Markets: an Empirical Exploration, International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance, Vol.7, No. 4, 385-405.
  • Bhattacharyya, M and Banerjee, A, 2001, Determinants of Capital Structure - Revisited Empirically, ICFAI Journal of Applied Finance, Vol. 7, No. 2, 38 -53.
  • Bhattacharyya, M, 1998, Fuzzy Markovian decision process, Fuzzy sets and systems, 99, 273-282.
  • Bhattacharyya, M, 1998, A note on “FUZMAR: An approach to aggregating market research data on fuzzy reasoning” by R.R. Yager et al., Fuzzy sets and systems, 93, 381-384.
  • Bhattacharyya, M, 1984, Joint Randomized Decisions in Chance Constrained programming, Journal of Operational Research Society, Vol. 35, No. 4, 355-357
Book Chapters
  • Malay Bhattacharyya and Atanu Chaudhuri A, 2009, Combined QFD and Fuzzy Integer Programming Framework to Determine Attribute levels for Conjoint Study, Product Research: The Art and Science behind Successful Product Launches, (edited) by N R Srinivasan Raghavan and John A Cafeo, Springer, ISN 9048128595.
  • Bhattacharyya, M, 2002, Principal component analysis with fuzzy data, in Fuzzy Set Theory and its Mathematical Aspects and Applications, Eds. Arun K Srivastava, (Allied Publishers, India), 1-9.
  • Bhattacharyya, M, 2002, Fuzzy conjoint analysis, in Advances in Soft Computing series: Soft Methods in Probability, Statistics, and data analysis, Eds. Przemyslaw Grzegorzewski, Olgierd Hryniewicz, and Maria A. Gil, (Physica-Verlag Heidelberg), 255-265.
Publications in Peer-reviewed Academic Conference Proceeding
  • Ravi Prakash Ranjan, Malay Bhattacharyya, Dynamics of Memory in Investor Attention to Energy Market, Proceedings ITISE 2017 Vol. 2, Granada, Spain, 18-20 September 2017.ISBN: 978-84-17293-01-7, 829-840.
  • Bhattacharyya, M, 1987, Superiority of Randomized Decisions in Chance Constrained Programming (CCP), Invited Paper No. 2, Bulletin of the International Curriculum Vitae Malay Bhattacharyya 10/16/22 Page 6 of 18 Statistical Institute, 46th Session, Tokyo, Vol. LII-2, 391-406. (Adjudged as one of the best three papers from Young Statisticians by the International Statistical Institute, Netherlands).
Other Publications
  • V Surendharen V, Malay Bhattacharyya, 2007, Credit risk management in banks using copula, Indian Institute of Management Bangalore.
  • Bhattacharyya, M, 2006, Management Education in India: Need for Reorientation, Nirma University Journal of Business and Management Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1, 27-33.
  • Bhattacharyya, M, 2002, Leading effectively, Management Dynamics, Vol. 3, No. 2, 12-17.
  • Bhattacharyya, M, 2002, Management - a lucrative career option, Souvenir, Career Development Fair, Uttaranchal Government and Sanjivani, 8-21.
  • Bhattacharyya, M, 1994, The Fuzzy World, Fifty Golden Years, Souvenir volume, Golden Jubilee Celebrations, Department of Statistics, Presidency College Calcutta, B15-B19.
Blogs and Newspaper Articles
Unpublished Manuscripts
  • Bhattacharyya, M, Review of EOD Alert System for Futures and Options, National Stock Exchange of India Limited (co-authored with Vinu CT)
  • Bhattacharyya, M, Evaluation of End of Day Alert System, Regulations, National Stock Exchange of India Limited (co-authored with Vinu CT)
  • Bhattacharyya, M, Price Relationship between Index Futures and Index Spot in the NSE Market, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). (Co-authored with Ashok Banerjee)
  • Bhattacharyya, M, Integration of Global Capital Markets: An Empirical Exploration, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). (Co-authored with Ashok Banerjee)
  • Bhattacharyya, M, Report of Advisory Committee on Venture Capital, Securities and Exchange Board of India. (Co-authored with Ashok Lahiri and others)
  • Bhattacharyya, M, Improving performance of Uttar Pradesh State Transport Corporation. (Co-authored with Asit Banerji, KL Varshney and SB Bhargava)
  • Bhattacharyya, M, Establishing JK Centre of Learning at Bhopal. (Co-authored with Ashok Banerjee and V Sridhar)
  • Bhattacharyya, M, Management Audit of Uttar Pradesh State Electricity Board. (Co-authored with Ishwar Dayal and others)
Invited Talks
  • Malay Bhattacharyya, Continuing the Quest for Stock Price Model, Plenary Speaker, International Virtual Conference on Advanced Statistical Techniques in Business and Industries, Department of Statistics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, December 28-30, 2020
  • Malay Bhattacharyya, NEP 2020: Inclusivity in Higher Education, Invited Speaker, National Webinar on “National Education Policy 2020-Way forward: A Road Map from the Regular and Special Educators perspective on Inclusive education of students with disabilities”, 10th – 11th SEPTEMBER 2020
  • Malay Bhattacharyya, A Comparison of VaR Estimation Procedures for Leptokurtic Equity Index Returns, Invited Speaker, National Conference on Recent Advances in Statistics with Application in Finance and Actuarial Science held on 14th and 15th of February 2014, Department of Statistics, Central University of Rajasthan
  • Malay Bhattacharyya, Cointegration Analysis of Global Capital Markets, Invited Speaker, Professor R Gururaja Rao Memorial Lecture 2008-09, May 2009, organized by the Department of Statistics, Bangalore University and Bangalore Statistics Academy.
  • Malay Bhattacharyya, Statistical Tools for Modern Financial Risk Management, Invited Speaker, Indian Statistical Institute, Karnataka Branch, December 2007
  • Malay Bhattacharyya, Global Capital Markets: Evidence of Linkages, Invited Speaker, National Seminar on Industry, Business and Finance, Department of Statistics, Calcutta University, Calcutta, India, March 2003
  • Malay Bhattacharyya, Principal component analysis with fuzzy data, Invited Speaker, Conference on Fuzzy set theory and its Mathematical aspects and Applications, BHU, Varanasi, India, December 2002
  • Malay Bhattacharyya, Management Education - need for reorientation, Invited Speaker, National workshop on Management Education and Hotel Management Education organized by the AICTE, NIRMA Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India, 2001
  • Malay Bhattacharyya, Leading effectively, Keynote Speaker, National Seminar on Evolving Employee-centric Organization, Jaipuria Institute of Management, Lucknow, India, 2001
  • Malay Bhattacharyya, Achieving superior performance – some reflections, Invited Speaker, National Seminar on Creating and Sustaining High Performance Organizations, IIML, India, 2000
  • Malay Bhattacharyya, Leveraging Intellectual Capital, Invited Speaker, Second Business Forum, IIML, India, 2000
  • Malay Bhattacharyya, Management - a lucrative career option, Invited Speaker, Career Development Fair organized by the Government of Uttaranchal, Dehradun, India, November 2002
  • Malay Bhattacharyya, Superiority of Randomized Decisions in Chance Constrained Programming (CCP), Invited Speaker, 46th Annual Conference of the International Statistical Institute, Tokyo, Japan, 1987 (Adjudged as one of the best three papers from young statisticians by the International Statistical Institute, Netherlands)
Papers in Peer-reviewed Academic Conference
  • Giriraj and Malay Bhattacharyya, Clustering of Financial Time Series Using Visibility Graphs, 8th International Conference on Business Analytics and Intelligence (ICBAI), 20 – 22 December 2021
  • Malay Bhattacharyya and Saparya S, Revisiting Income Inequality Measures, 4th International Conference on Business and Economics, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 29 - 30 October 2019
  • Malay Bhattacharyya and Siva Rajesh Kasa, A Test for Detecting Structural Breakdowns in Markets using Eigenvalue Distributions, FEBS 2019 International Conference in Prague, May 30 – June 1, 2019
  • Malay Bhattacharyya, Ravi Prakash Ranjan, Portfolio Diversification Using Equivalence Classes, FEBS 2019 International Conference in Prague, May 30 – June 1, 2019
  • Malay Bhattacharyya and Giriraj Achari, Copula Markov Switching Multifractal Models for Forecasting Value-at-Risk, FEBS 2019 International Conference in Prague, May 30 – June 1, 2019
  • Vinu CT and Malay Bhattacharyya, Periodic GARCH Models for Overnight and Trading Day Returns, FEBS 2019 International Conference in Prague, May 30 – June 1, 2019
  • Saparya S and Malay Bhattacharyya , A Variant of Brownian Motion, FEBS 2019 International Conference in Prague, May 30 – June 1, 2019
  • Malay Bhattacharyya and Ravi Prakash Ranjan, Independent Components in Investor Attention to Energy Market, International Conference on New Paradigms in Statistics and Industrial Research, Kolkata, January 4-6, 2018
  • Ravi Prakash Ranjan, Malay Bhattacharyya, Dynamics of Memory in Investor Attention to Energy Market, International Work-Conference on Time Series, 18-20 September 2017. Granada, SPAIN
  • Ravi Prakash Ranjan, Malay Bhattacharyya, Quantifying Socio-economic Perceptions and Expectations in India, XII International Conference on Public Policy and Management. August 7-9, 2017, IIM Bangalore
  • Tapan Kar, Malay Bhattacharyya, Exploring Unit Root in Financial Time Series, XII International Conference on Public Policy and Management. August 7-9, 2017, IIM Bangalore
  • Vinu CT, Malay Bhattacharyya, A Joint Volatility Model for Overnight and Trading Day Returns, 37th International Symposium on Forecasting 2017, Cairns, Australia, June 25-28, 2017
  • Saswat Patra and Malay Bhattacharyya, First Passage Time Probabilities for Pearson Diffusion Process with Application to Options, 8th Conference on Excellence in Research and Education (CERE), May 4-7, 2017, IIM Indore (won the Best Paper Award in the General Track Category)
  • Saswat Patra, Malay Bhattacharyya, A Novel Non-linear Value-at-Risk Method for Options: The Use of Pearson Type-IV Distribution, 23rd Annual Conference of the Multinational Finance Society, Stockholm University Business School, Stockholm, Sweden, June 26 - 29, 2016
  • Malay Bhattacharyya, Extreme Value Theory in Risk Measurement with application to Asia-Pacific Stock Markets, The First International Conference on Asia-Pacific Financial Markets (CAFM) of the Korean Securities Association (KSA) Seoul, Korea, December 8-9, 2006
  • Atanu Chaudhury, Malay Bhattacharyya, Linking Quality Function Deployment with Conjoint Study for New Product Development Process, Proceedings of the 3rd International IEEE Conference on Industrial Informatics, INDIN 2005, Perth, Western Australia, 10-12 August 2005. (Adjudged as the best presentation on the session theme).
  • Malay Bhattacharyya and Gopal Ritolia, EVT Enhanced Dynamic VaR – A Rule Based Margin System, 3rd Financial Markets Asia-Pacific Conference, Sydney, Australia, 26-27 May 2005. (Adjudged as the best paper of the conference)
  • Malay Bhattacharyya, Fuzzy conjoint analysis, First International Conference on Soft Methods in Probability and Statistics, Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland, September 2002
  • Malay Bhattacharyya, Media planning using fuzzy goal programming, Annual Conference of Operational Society of India, IIM Calcutta, India, 1994
  • Malay Bhattacharyya, Superiority of Randomized Decisions in Chance Constrained Programming (CCP), 46th Annual Conference of the International Statistical Institute, Tokyo, Japan, 1987 (Adjudged as one of the best three papers from young statisticians by the International Statistical Institute, Netherlands)
Courses

Courses taught at MBA/PhD level

Compulsory
  • Business Mathematics (MBA Level)
  • Business Statistics (MBA Level)
  • Operations Research (MBA Level)
  • Statistics for Management (MBA Level)
  • Statistical Inference (PhD level)
  • Probability Theory (PhD level)
Elective
  • Multivariate Data Analysis (MBA Analytics)
  • Financial Econometrics (MBA Analytics)
  • Quantitative Applications in Finance (MBA Level)
  • Applied Multivariate Data Analysis (MBA & PhD Level)
  • Financial Time Series Analysis (PhD level)
  • Advanced Statistical Methods (PhD level
  • Multivariate Time Series Analysis (PhD level)
  • Risk Management (MBA Level)
Executive Education
  • Reserve Bank of India Academy (RBI Academy) – Designed and Taught a series of Specialized Courses on 1) Financial Econometrics, 2) Advanced Financial Econometrics and 3) Time Series Analysis and its Applications, to Economists and Statisticians of RBI.
  • Taught Business Statistics in many Executive General Management Programmes (EGMP), a certificate Programme conducted by Indian Institute of Management Bangalore for Mid-level Managers.
  • Taught Business Statistics in many Executive General Management ProgrammeConsortium of IT industries (EGMP-CIT), a certificate Programme conducted by Indian Institute of Management Bangalore for Mid-level Managers of IT industry groups.
  • Taught in several specialized programmes on Business Forecasting and Business Analytics conducted by IIMB
  • Taught Statistics, Financial Time Series Analysis, and Financial Risk Management in several Advanced Financial Risk Management (AFRM) programmes conducted by IIMB.
  • Taught Business Forecasting to Tesco executives.
Projects
Select Consulting Projects
  • National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSEIL)
    • Review of EOD Alert System for Futures and Options
    • Evaluation of End of Day Alert System for Cash Markets
  • Securities of Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
    • Price Relationship between Index Futures and Index Spot in the NSE Market
    • Integration of Global Capital Markets: An Empirical Exploration
  • Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC)
    • Improving performance of Uttar Pradesh State Transport Corporation
  • JK Industries Ltd
    • Establishing JK Centre of Learning at Bhopal
  • Uttar Pradesh State Electricity Board (UPSEB)
    • Management Audit of Uttar Pradesh State Electricity Board
Academic Administrative Responsibilities

Service

At IIM Kashipur
  • Chairman, Committee on Internationalization
  • Member, Faculty Evaluation Committee
  • Member, MBA Analytics Programme Committee
  • Member, Accreditation and Ranking Committee
  • Member, International Relations
  • PhD Coordinator, Decision Sciences Area
At IIM Bangalore
  • Founder Chairman, Executive Post Graduate Programme (EPGP), IIM Bangalore, May 2008 – April 2010
  • Member, PhD Programme Committee, IIM Bangalore, 2013 – 2016
  • Member, Admissions Committee, IIM Bangalore, 2013 – 2016
  • Chairman, Decision Sciences & Information Systems, IIM Bangalore, 2014 – 2016
  • Coordinator, PhD Programme, Decision Sciences, 2016-2018
At IIM Lucknow
  • Member, Committee of Deans as Acting Director, IIM Lucknow
  • Dean, Academic Affairs, IIM Lucknow, April 2001 - October 2003
  • Member, Board of Governors, IIM Lucknow, April 2001 - October 2003
  • Chairman, Post Graduate Programme, IIM Lucknow, June 1997 - May 2001
  • Chairman, Admissions, IIM Lucknow, June 1991- July 1993
  • Chairman, Quantitative and Systems Group, IIM Lucknow, June 1990 - May 1992
  • Chairman, Students’ Affairs, IIM Lucknow, June 1988 - May 1989
  • Member, Institute Growth Plan Committee, IIM Lucknow, 2002
  • Member, PGP Review Committee, IIM Lucknow, 1999 – 2000
Outside IIMB and IIML
  • Visitor (Nominee of President of India), Central University Rajasthan
  • Expert Panel Member, Calcutta University, IIM Lucknow, IIM Rohtak, IIM Calcutta, IIM Kozhikode, IIT Dhanbad, Central University of Rajasthan, JIM Lucknow, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies. IMT Ghaziabad
Select Visits
  • Guest Faculty, IIM Kolkata, IIM Kozhikode, IIM Indore, IIM Nagpur, IMT Ghaziabad, NISM, Mumbai, Department of Statistics, Lucknow University, Banking Institute of Rural Development, Lucknow